TED演講者：Juliet Schor / 朱麗葉·斯格爾

演講標題：The case for a 4-day work week / 每周4天工作制試行的情況

(相關資料圖)

內容概要：The traditional approach to work needs a redesign, says economist Juliet Schor. She's leading four-day work week trials in countries like the US and Ireland, and the results so far have been overwhelmingly positive: from increased employer and customer satisfaction to revenue growth and lower turnover. Making the case for a four-day, 32-hour work week (with five days of pay), Schor explains how this model for the future of work could address major challenges like burnout and the climate crisis -- and shares how companies and governments could work together to make it a reality.

經濟學家朱麗葉·斯格爾說，傳統的工作方式需要重新設計。她正在美國和愛爾蘭等國家領導每周4天工作制的試驗，迄今為止的結果非常積極：從提高雇主和客戶滿意度到收入增長和降低員工流失率。以每周工作4天、32小時(5天帶薪)為例，肖爾解釋了這種未來工作模式如何應對職業倦怠和氣候危機等重大挑戰，并分享了企業和政府如何共同努力使其成為現實。

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【1】I've been studying work since the 1980s, and I've never seen anything like what's happening today.

我從20世紀80年代 開始研究工作機制, 我從未見過像今天這樣的情況。

【2】Pandemic-fueled anxiety is surging around the world.

大流行疫情引發的焦慮情緒 正在全球蔓延。

【3】In the US, more than half of all employees report feeling stressed a lot of the day.

在美國,超過一半的員工表示 每天都感到壓力很大。

【4】Job quits are at record levels, running at four million a month.

辭職人數創歷史新高, 每月400萬人。

【5】People are burning out.

人們精疲力竭。

【6】In response, a growing number of companies are offering a four-day, 32-hour week, but with five days of pay.

作為回應, 越來越多的公司提供每周工作4天、 32小時的工作時間, 但5天帶薪。

【7】Now, it's not a new idea, but the pandemic has turbocharged it.

現在,這不是一個新的想法, 但大流行疫情使其更加強勁。

【8】Employers are realizing that if they can rethink where people work, they can also rethink how many days they're on the job.

雇主們意識到, 如果他們可以重新考慮 員工的工作地點, 他們也可以重新考慮 員工的工作天數

【9】Sounds pretty great, but is it realistic?

聽起來不錯,但現實嗎?

【10】Well, actually, yes.

實際上,是的。

【11】Unlike policies in which one party profits at the expense of another, the four-day week can benefit workers, companies and society, and it can even be a gateway for addressing climate change.

不同于以犧牲另一方利益 為代價的政策, 四天工作制有益于 員工、公司和社會, 它甚至可以成為 應對氣候變化的途徑。

【12】But first, let's talk about the workplace.

但首先,讓我們談談工作場所。

【13】For nearly a decade, companies and governments have been experimenting with shorter hours with no cuts in pay.

近十年來, 公司和政府一直在嘗試 在不減薪的情況下縮短工作時間。

【14】While the results do vary, the research shows that people are less stressed, value their jobs more and have better lives outside of work.

盡管結果有所不同, 研究均表明,人們的壓力更小, 更重視自己的工作, 在工作之外過更好的生活。

【15】In most cases, they are as productive in four days as they are in five.

在大多數情況下, 他們四天的工作效率 和五天一樣高。

【16】Companies can also see benefits through lower turnover and a higher-quality applicant pool.

企業也可以從較低的人員流動率 以及更高質量的申請者中獲益。

【17】Less burnout reduces health care costs, mistakes and poor service.

減少職業倦怠可以減少醫療成本、 差錯和糟糕的服務。

【18】With colleagues, I'm studying four-day week trials now in progress in the United States and Ireland, with summer start dates for the UK, New Zealand and Australia.

我和同事們一起, 我們正在研究美國和愛爾蘭實行的四天工作制, 并將在夏天開始對英國、新西蘭和澳大利亞的研究。

【19】We have thousands of employees participating.

我們有數千名員工參與其中。

【20】Healthwise, an education company, didn't wait for our trial to begin.

一家教育公司健康智慧, 沒有等到我們的試驗開始。

【21】In June, their employees were quitting in droves.

6月份,他們的員工紛紛辭職。

【22】By August, they'd implemented a four-day week.

到了8月,他們實施了 四天工作制。

【23】Six months later, CEO Adam Husney reports that people are dramatically happier and have never been more productive.

六個月后, 首席執行官亞當.哈斯尼報告稱, 人們的幸福感顯著提高, 并且達到了前所未有的水平。

【24】Resignations and sick days are down, revenue has grown and customer satisfaction scores are outstanding.

辭職和病假減少了, 收入持續增長 客戶滿意度得分也很高。

【25】Healthwise employees are spending their Fridays off doing family activities like sports or errands.

其員工會把周五的假期 花在家庭活動上, 比如運動或其他瑣事。

【26】One mother of young children reported that now she can occasionally manage a guilt-free pedicure.

一位有小孩的母親說,現在她偶爾可以做一次沒有負罪感的足療。

【27】The four-day week can help with self-care and managing the daily stresses of systemic racism, sexism and classism.

四天工作制有助于自我護理 管理日常的系統性種族主義、 性別歧視和階級歧視的壓力。

【28】Now a key part of the model is that in return for the gift of a day off, people are willing to squeeze all their productivity into four days.

這個模式的一個關鍵部分是, 作為一日假期禮物的回報, 人們愿意把所有的生產力 都擠在四天里。

【29】So while they may be spending less time at work, they're not necessarily doing less work.

所以,雖然他們在工作上 花的時間可能更少, 他們做的工作不一定更少。

【30】The secret sauce is work reorganization, cutting out the least productive activities.

秘訣是工作重組, 放棄那些效率最低的活動。

【31】Meetings are a prime target.

會議是一個主要目標。

【32】Yes, I see everyone nodding.

是的,我看到大家都在點頭。

【33】Most companies reduce their frequency and length and the number of attendees.

大多數公司會減少 出席會議的頻率、時間和人數。

【34】At Healthwise, people save time by messaging colleagues rather than making phone calls, which inevitably includes some social chatting.

在健康智慧, 人們通過給同事發信息 而不是打電話來節省時間, 因為電話不可避免地 包括一些社交聊天。

【35】They shifted personal tasks, like doctor's appointments, to the off-day.

他們會轉移個人任務, 比如看醫生, 在休息日完成。

【36】And yes, the pace of work at the office does go up.

是的,辦公室的工作節奏 確實提高了。

【37】'"Let's be honest," one explained, "I'm not goofing off or looking at Facebook, which I was."

“老實說,”其中一人解釋道, “我不像過去一樣,不是在偷懶, 也不是在看臉書。”

【38】But people have adapted and they prefer getting their downtime as a whole day off rather than in snippets.

但人們已經適應了, 他們更喜歡一整天的休息, 而不是零碎的休息。

【39】Government initiatives have similar findings.

政府的倡議也有類似的發現。

【40】In 2015, the city of Reykjavik and then the National Government of Iceland started offering 36 and 35-hour weeks, eventually enrolling more than 2,500 employees.

2015年,雷克雅未克市 然后是冰島國民政府 開始提供每周 36到35小時的工作, 最終招募2500多名員工。

【41】The results have been remarkable.

結果是顯著的。

【42】Physical and mental stress went down while work ethic, job satisfaction, work-life balance, energy levels, all improved.

身體和精神壓力都下降了, 而職業道德、工作滿意度、 工作與生活的平衡、 精力水平都提高了。

【43】Productivity and service quality stayed the same or got better, and the trial was revenue-neutral.

生產率和服務質量 保持不變或有所改善, 而且這個試驗的收入是中性的。

【44】Today, roughly 85 percent of all Icelandic employees are either on or eligible for these schedules.

如今,大約85%的冰島員工 都正在享受或有資格 享受這些時間表。

【45】The governments of Spain and Scotland have announced four-day week trials in which they'll be subsidizing the fifth day's pay.

西班牙和蘇格蘭政府宣布 試行四天工作制, 他們將補貼第5天的工資。

【46】Now one reason for these successes is that with reduced work time, each hour typically becomes more productive.

這些成功的一個原因是, 隨著工作時間的減少, 每個小時通常會變得更有效率。

【47】Norway and Denmark, the two European countries with the shortest average hours of work at about 1,380, have outsized productivity.

挪威和丹麥, 這兩個歐洲國家平均工作時間最短, 約為1380小時, 有巨大的生產力。

【48】France and Germany are similar.

法國和德國的情況類似。

【49】In contrast, the long-hours countries like the UK and Italy have much, much lower productivity.

相比之下, 英國和意大利等工作時間較長的國家, 其生產率要低得多。

【50】The US historically led the world in productivity and would likely do better now if its work time weren't so high.

美國的生產力歷來領先世界, 如果工作時間不那么長, 現在可能會做得更好。

【51】While tech firms comprise the biggest group adopting four-day reduced hours schedules, companies are also making the switch in banking, PR, marketing and design, nonprofits, consumer goods, even a restaurant chain.

雖然采用縮短工作時間4天工作制的 企業中,科技公司是最大的群體, 隨著銀行、公關、營銷和設計、 非營利組織、消費品, 甚至是連鎖餐廳的企業 也在進行這種轉變。

【52】But it's also true that doing 100 percent of the work in 80 percent of the time isn't feasible everywhere.

但同樣的事實是, 在80%的時間內完成100%的工作 并不是在任何地方都可行的。

【53】Manufacturing was sped up decades ago.

制造業在幾十年前就加快了速度。

【54】Many teachers and flight attendants need to slow down, not intensify.

許多教師和空乘人員需要放慢腳步, 而不是加強力度。

【55】And of course, health care workers on the front lines of the pandemic need to work less, not more.

當然,在大流行前線的醫護人員 需要減少工作, 而不是增加工作。

【56】Thank you, health care workers.

謝謝你們,醫護人員。

【57】Here, another government effort is instructive.

在這方面,政府的另一項努力 具有啟發性。

【58】In 2014, the city of Gothenburg in Sweden gave nurses at one of its facilities a six-hour day.

2014年,瑞典哥德堡市為護士 提供了每天6小時的工作時間。

【59】As expected, the nurses' health and overall well-being improved, as did productivity and patient care.

正如預期的那樣,護士的健康 和整體福祉得到了改善, 生產力和病人護理也得到了改善。

【60】But in this trial, they hired new staff for the hours that weren't being covered.

但在這個試驗中, 他們雇傭了新員工來處理 那些沒有被覆蓋的時間。

【61】The striking finding was how much lower sick pay and unemployment benefits helped offset those additional salaries.

令人震驚的發現是, 較低的病假工資和失業福利 在多大程度上抵消了這些額外工資。

【62】Now the Swedish case raises a bigger, more existential question.

現在,瑞典的案例引發了一個更大、 更關乎生死存亡的問題。

【63】How much time should we be dedicating to work?

我們應該投入多少時間在工作上?

【64】In many countries, jobs are getting more, not less demanding.

在許多國家, 工作崗位要求越來越高, 而不是越來越低。

【65】And scarcity thinking, the idea that even rich countries need to tighten their belts, has taken hold.

稀缺性思維, 即使是富裕國家 也需要勒緊褲腰帶的想法, 已經站穩了腳跟。

【66】But really, we should be heading in the opposite direction as digitization and artificial intelligence offer the chance to reduce work time.

但實際上, 隨著數字化和人工智能 提供了減少工作時間的機會, 我們應該朝著相反的方向前進。

【67】Amid pandemic fatigue, we should be doubling down on restoring the quality of life and our social fabric, especially in wealthy countries where we already produce enough for everyone to have a good standard of living.

在大流行期間, 我們應該加倍努力恢復生活質量 和我們的社會結構, 特別是在富裕國家, 我們已經生產了足以讓每個人 都過上良好生活的產品。

【68】And this path has the added benefit of addressing the climate crisis.

這條道路還有 解決氣候危機的額外好處。

【69】'"How so," you may ask.

你可能會問:“怎么會呢?”

【70】Well, with the four-day week, there's the obvious impact of less commuting.

在四天工作周中, 通勤時間的減少有明顯的影響。

【71】But if we use productivity growth to continue to reduce hours of work just by a couple of percent a year, we can create a longer-term dynamic of decarbonization.

但是,如果我們利用生產力的增長, 繼續每年減少百分之幾的工作時間, 我們就可以創造 一個長期的動態脫碳。

【72】Research by me and others has shown this time and again across countries, across states, across households.

我和其他人的研究一次又一次地 在不同國家、不同州、 不同家庭中證明了這一點。

【73】One reason is that when people are time-stressed, they tend to choose faster and more polluting modes of travel and daily life activities.

原因之一是,當人們時間緊張時, 他們傾向于選擇更快、污染更嚴重的 出行方式和日常生活活動。

【74】In contrast, when people get time rather than money, they tend to have a lower carbon footprint.

相比之下, 當人們有時間而不是金錢時, 他們往往會有更低的碳足跡。

【75】But the bigger reason has to do with the size of the economy.

但更重要的原因與經濟規模有關。

【76】By opting to work less, countries are choosing not to expand production to its max, thereby avoiding additional emissions.

通過選擇減少工作, 各國選擇不將產量擴大到最大, 從而避免了額外的排放。

【77】Carbon success stories like Germany and Denmark tend to have low annual hours.

像德國和丹麥這樣在碳排放方面取得成功的國家, 其年工作時間往往較低。

【78】France and the Netherlands are also low on both carbon and work time.

法國和荷蘭的碳排放 和工作時間都很低。

【79】The four-day week is a down payment on a new way to live and work.

四天工作周是一種新的生活 和工作方式的首付。

【80】And yes, we're going to need government help if we're going to move beyond the innovative companies that already see its virtues.

是的,如果我們要超越 已經看到其優點創新公司的數量, 我們將需要政府的幫助。

【81】But as the three-day weekend spreads, we can realize everyone deserves a right to free time.

但隨著為期三天的周末的蔓延, 我們可以意識到每個人 都應該有自由時間的權利。

【82】And that brings the logic of a universal basic income squarely into view.

這就把全民基本收入的邏輯 直接帶入了視野。

【83】Because without financial support, low-earners can't afford to take that fifth day off.

因為如果沒有經濟支持, 低收入者就無法享受第5天的假期。

【84】There's a lot of talk these days about the future of work and the opportunities that it offers.

現在有很多人在談論工作的未來 以及它所提供的機會。

【85】But there's more at stake here than opportunity.

但這里有比機會更重要的東西。

【86】We have an imperative.

我們有一個命當務之急

【87】An imperative to face the challenges of our current moment.

即我們必須面對當前的挑戰。

【88】The pandemic, burnout and depression, inequalities of race and income, the climate crisis.

流行病、倦怠和抑郁, 種族和收入的不平等, 氣候危機。

【89】A four-day week addresses each one of these.

四天工作周解決了 上述每一個問題。

【90】For now, we're starting company by company.

現在,我們正在一家一家地開始。

【91】But as momentum builds and it becomes universal, we'll have made the transition from scarcity thinking to appreciating the true wealth that we possess.

但隨著動力的建立,它變得普遍, 我們將從稀缺思維 過渡到欣賞我們所擁有的真正財富。

【92】Our ingenuity, our compassion and our humanity.

我們的聰明才智, 我們的同情心 和我們的人性。

【93】Thank you.

謝謝你！

【94】Helen Walters: Juliet, thank you so much.

海倫.沃爾特斯:“朱麗葉, 非常感謝你。”

【95】I have a very practical question for you.

我有一個非常實際的問題要問你。

【96】So you mentioned in the talk that people were taking Friday off.

你在演講中提到人們周五休假。

【97】Is the recommendation that people all take the same day off, or is this something that people can take, kind of, any day they want off?

是建議所有人都在同一天休假, 還是說這是人們可以在 任何一天休假的建議?

【98】What's the ideal mechanism to have in place here?

這里理想的機制是什么?”

【99】JS: Every company does it the way that works for them.

朱:“每個公司都以 適合自己的方式來做這件事。

【100】And that's one of the things in our trial.

這是我們試驗的內容之一。

【101】We do coaching, and we work with the companies before they start to figure out are they a company that can shut down for one day?

我們提供指導,我們與這些公司合作, 在他們開始弄清楚他們是一家 可以關閉一天的公司之前?

【102】Do they need to have 24/7, you know, customer service available?

他們需要全天候的客戶服務嗎?

【103】So really, it depends, and we're seeing every type.

所以,我們就每一種類型, 視情況而定。”

【104】HW: Juliet, thank you so much.

海:“朱麗葉,非常感謝你。”

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